→ 🇺🇸 Match the phrases in the box with the pictures. → 🇪🇸 Relaciona las frases del recuadro con las imágenes.
stack shelves
work nights in a factory
help your brother or sister with his or her homework
clean and tidy at home
wash cars
look after your neighbour’s children
deliver newspapers
work part-time in a cinema
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1b
→ 🇺🇸 How do teenagers earn money in your country? → 🇪🇸 ¿Cómo ganan dinero los adolescentes en tu país?
A lot of teenagers work for their parents. Some of them have part-time jobs.
bookGrammar | Past Simple: regular verbs, positive
🕰️ Past Simple (Pasado Simple): cuando se usa?
El Past Simple se usa para hablar de acciones, estados o hábitos que pasaron y terminaron en un momento específico del pasado. Normalmente sabemos cuándo pasó o el contexto lo deja claro.
- ✅ Acciones únicas o repetidas, pero terminadas en el pasado: Se usa para eventos que ocurrieron antes del momento actual.
- I visited Turkey in 2015. — Visité Turquía en 2015. - She bought a nice laptop yesterday. — Ella compró un portátil bonito ayer. - He delivered newspapers four timeslast month. — Repartió periódicos cuatro veces el mes pasado. - My brother applied for a visa six timesbefore he got one. — Mi hermano solicitó un visado seis veces antes de conseguir uno.
- ✅ Acciones consecutivas: Para narrar una serie de hechos finalizados.
- She finished her work, walked to the beach and swam. — Terminó su trabajo, caminó a la playa y nadó. - Josh pushed the door open and looked inside the room. — Josh empujó la puerta y miró dentro de la habitación. - Silverman ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night. — Silverman corrió hacia el coche, se subió de un salto y se alejó a toda velocidad en la noche. - When we reached the crossing I turned to the left while Micky turned to the right. — Cuando llegamos al cruce, yo giré a la izquierda mientras Micky giró a la derecha. - Wall Street traders lost a fortune when the Asian markets collapsed. — Los operadores de Wall Street perdieron una fortuna cuando colapsaron los mercados asiáticos.
- ✅ Hábitos o estados pasados: Acciones que ocurrían repetidamente.
- When I was a child, I played soccer every day. — Cuando era niño, jugaba al fútbol todos los días. - We lived just outside Oxford in the nineties, but we didn’t have a car. — Vivíamos justo a las afueras de Oxford en los años noventa, pero no teníamos coche. - I worked nights in a factory. — Trabajé de noche en una fábrica.
💡“Pistas” típicas: expresiones de tiempo (time expressions)
El Past Simple aparece mucho con:
- yesterday = ayer - last week / last month / last year / last summer = la semana pasada / el mes pasado / el año pasado / el verano pasado - in January / in 2001 = en enero / en 2001 - an hour / a week / a year ago = hace una hora / una semana / un año - when… = cuando… - before… = antes de…
Ejemplos:
- I earned money last month. - They invested in 2001. - She lent me €800 yesterday. (800 = eight hundred)
💡¿Cómo se forma?
El Past Simple de los verbos regulares se forma, por regla general, añadiendo la terminación -ed a la forma base del verbo (infinitivo). Esta forma es igual para todas las personas (I, you, he, she, it, we, they):
Past simple de un verbo regular ▶️ = verbo ▶️ + -ed
Pero dependiendo de cómo termine el verbo, se aplican variaciones:
▶️ Verbos que terminan en -e → solo se añade -d.
like → liked dance → danced
▶️ Verbos que terminan en consonante + y → se cambia la -y por -i y se añade -ed.
study → studied carry → carried
▶️ Verbos que terminan en vocal + y → se añade -ed normalmente.
play → played enjoy → enjoyed
▶️ Verbos de una sílaba que terminan en la única vocal + consonante → se duplica la última consonante y se añade -ed.
stop → stopped plan → planned
▶️ Verbos de dos o más sílabas que terminan en vocal tónica + consonante → se duplica la última consonante y se añade -ed.
prefer → preferred (el acento cae al final) visit→ visited (el acento no cae al final)
▶️ Verbos de regla general → se añade -ed.
work → worked look → looked listen → listened wait → waited
💡¿Cómo se pronuncia el verbo con la terminación -ed?
La terminación "-ed" puede tener tres sonidos distintos:
• /id/ Cuando el verbo termina en sonido /t/ o /d/ want → wanted need → needed decide → decided
• /d/ Cuando el verbo termina en sonido sonoro o una vocal (no muda) play → played clean→ cleaned hug → hugged remember→ remembered
• /t/ Cuando el verbo termina en sonido sordo (susurrante) (p, k, s, ks, sh, ch, f) help → helped kiss → kissed mix → mixed research → researched stop → stopped
Estructura afirmativa
👤 sujeto
▶️ verbo en pasado
♾️ complemento
+
👤 I
▶️ worked
♾️ part time in a cinema.
+
👤 They
▶️ saved
♾️ money for vacation.
+
👤 He
▶️ cleaned and tidied
♾️ the living room.
2a
→ 🇺🇸 Choose the correct past simple form. → 🇪🇸 Selecciona la forma correcta del past simple.
1)
mix - — mezclar
A) mixed
B) mixxed
C) mixt
D) mixd
2)
close - — cerrar
A) closd
B) closeed
C) closeied
D) closed
3)
call - — llamar
A) called
B) callied
C) calld
D) callled
4)
create - — crear
A) createed
B) created
C) creatd
D) createied
5)
help - — ayudar
A) helpied
B) helpd
C) helpped
D) helped
6)
study - — estudiar
A) studied
B) studyed
C) studyd
D) studyied
7)
enjoy - — disfrutar
A) enjoyyed
B) enjoied
C) enjoyed
D) enjoyd
8)
watch - — ver, mirar
A) watchhed
B) watched
C) watchedd
D) watchd
9)
pay - — pagar
A) paided
B) payed
C) paid
D) payd
10)
want - — querer
A) wantied
B) wanted
C) wanttd
D) wantted
11)
deliver - — entregar, repartir
A) deliveried
B) delivered
C) deliverd
D) deliverred
12)
cook - — cocinar
A) cookied
B) cookked
C) cookt
D) cooked
13)
clean - — limpiar
A) cleaned
B) cleand
C) cleanned
D) cleant
14)
like - — gustar
A) likt
B) likeed
C) likeid
D) liked
15)
look after - — cuidar de
A) lookked after
B) look afterred
C) looked after
D) look aftered
16)
start - — empezar
A) startted
B) startied
C) started
D) startd
17)
pass - — aprobar, pasar
A) passed
B) passsed
C) passied
D) passd
18)
use - — usar
A) useed
B) usied
C) used
D) ussed
19)
wait - — esperar
A) waitied
B) waittd
C) waited
D) waitted
20)
ask - — preguntar, pedir
A) askied
B) askked
C) asked
D) askt
21)
plan - — planear
A) planed
B) pland
C) planned
D) planied
22)
kiss - — besar
A) kissed
B) kised
C) kisst
D) kisssed
23)
remember - — recordar
A) rememberred
B) remembred
C) remembered
D) rememberd
24)
visit - — visitar
A) visitd
B) visited
C) visitted
D) visitied
25)
pay - — pagar
A) paid
B) payed
C) paied
D) payd
26)
play - — jugar
A) playd
B) played
C) plaied
D) playyed
27)
invest - — invertir
A) investd
B) invested
C) investied
D) investted
28)
tidy - — ordenar, recoger
A) tidied
B) tidyd
C) tidyed
D) tidieded
29)
borrow - — pedir prestado
A) borrowd
B) borrowed
C) borowed
D) borrowwed
30)
stop - — parar, detener
A) stoped
B) stoppped
C) stopied
D) stopped
31)
stack - — apilar
A) stackt
B) stackked
C) stackd
D) stacked
32)
love - — amar, encantar
A) loveed
B) lovved
C) lovd
D) loved
33)
paint - — pintar
A) painted
B) paintted
C) paintied
D) paintd
34)
shop - — comprar, ir de compras
A) shopied
B) shoped
C) shopped
D) shopt
35)
copy - — copiar
A) copyied
B) copied
C) copyed
D) copyyd
36)
save - — ahorrar, guardar
A) saveed
B) savd
C) saved
D) savedd
37)
earn - — ganar
A) earned
B) earnd
C) earnied
D) earnned
38)
work - — trabajar
A) workd
B) workt
C) workked
D) worked
39)
stay - — quedarse, estar
A) staid
B) stayed
C) stayyed
D) stayd
40)
answer - — responder
A) answerd
B) answerred
C) answred
D) answered
2b
→ 🇺🇸 Choose how the -ed ending must be pronounced. → 🇪🇸 Selecciona cómo se debe pronunciar la terminación -ed.
1)
stop - stopped — parar, detener
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
2)
pay - paid — pagar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
3)
love - loved — amar, encantar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
4)
borrow - borrowed — pedir prestado
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
5)
like - liked — gustar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
6)
call - called — llamar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
7)
tidy - tidied — ordenar, recoger
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
8)
enjoy - enjoyed — disfrutar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
9)
earn - earned — ganar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
10)
help - helped — ayudar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
11)
pay - paid — pagar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
12)
ask - asked — preguntar, pedir
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
13)
work - worked — trabajar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
14)
kiss - kissed — besar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
15)
create - created — crear
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
16)
stay - stayed — quedarse, estar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
17)
remember - remembered — recordar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
18)
paint - painted — pintar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
19)
save - saved — ahorrar, guardar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
20)
answer - answered — responder
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
21)
deliver - delivered — entregar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
22)
copy - copied — copiar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
23)
mix - mixed — mezclar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
24)
wait - waited — esperar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
25)
start - started — empezar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
26)
invest - invested — invertir
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
27)
clean - cleaned — limpiar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
28)
want - wanted — querer
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
29)
play - played — jugar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
30)
study - studied — estudiar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
31)
cook - cooked — cocinar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
32)
look after - looked after — cuidar de
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
33)
visit - visited — visitar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
34)
shop - shopped — comprar, ir de compras
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
35)
watch - watched — ver, mirar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
36)
plan - planned — planear
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
37)
stack - stacked — apilar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
38)
use - used — usar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
39)
pass - passed — aprobar, pasar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
40)
close - closed — cerrar
A) /id/
B) /t/
C) /d/
3a
→ 🇺🇸 Listen to a radio programme and match phrases to a person. → 🇪🇸 Escucha un programa de radio y relaciona las frases con una persona.
cleaned and tidied at homedelivered newspapersdelivered newspapershelped someone with his or her homeworklooked after the neighbour’s childrenstacked shelveswashed cars in a car wash at the weekendworked nights in a factoryworked nights in a supermarket in her holidaysworked part-time in a cinema
Nicole Kidman = 1 Tom Cruise = 2 Amrik = 3 Lidia = where and when: 4, her job was: 5 Eva = 6
3b
→ 🇺🇸 Listen again. What job does each person do now? → 🇪🇸 Escucha otra vez. ¿A qué se dedica ahora cada persona?
Amrik is a 1 now. Lidia is a 2 now. Eva is a 34 now. Eva’s mother 5 in one of her 6 now.
3c
→ 🇺🇸 Listen again and fill in. → 🇪🇸 Escucha otra vez y completa.
Track 2.42
P = Presenter, R = Reporter, A = Amrik, L = Lidia, E = Eva
P
… and the weather tomorrow will be bright and sunny. Now, Sandy, what have you got for us?
R
Well, Paul. Did you know that some celebrities 1 before they 2? For example, Nicole Kidman 3 and Tom Cruise 4. So I 5 some people 6, what was your 7 when you 8?
R
What’s your name?
A
My name’s Amrik.
R
What do you do?
A
I’m a 9.
R
What was your worst job, Amrik, when you were a teenager?
A
Oh, let me see, well, when I was seventeen, I 10 at the weekend. It 11.
R
Why 12?
A
Well, I 13 at seven in the morning and I 14 at seven in the evening, so I 15. And I just 16 with only 17 for lunch. My hands were red and sore every day. I 18, but I 19.
R
What’s your name?
L
I’m Lidia.
R
What do you do?
L
I’m a 20.
R
What was your worst job when you were a teenager?
L
Oh, er … well, when I was sixteen I 21 in my holidays. It was awful.
R
Why was it awful?
L
Oh, I 22. It was really 23. I just 24. Oh, it 25.
R
What’s your name and what do you do?
E
I’m Eva and I’m a 26.
R
What was your worst job, Eva, when you were a teenager?
E
My worst job? Well, I 27 my neighbours’ children and they were really naughty, really bad. I didn’t like that job. But it was different for my parents. My mum was seventeen when she 28. She 29. She hated it. It was really hard work and she 30. She 31 and then my dad 32 in the same factory. After two years they 33. Now they’ve got five restaurants.
R
Five?
E
Yes. They cook in one of the restaurants together. They’re workaholics – very 34!
